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<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><a name="l00001"></a><span class="lineno">    1</span>&#160;<span class="comment">/* -*- mode: C; c-basic-offset: 4; intent-tabs-mode: nil -*-</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00002"></a><span class="lineno">    2</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00003"></a><span class="lineno">    3</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * This file is part of the public interface to the Sifteo SDK.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00004"></a><span class="lineno">    4</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * Copyright &lt;c&gt; 2012 Sifteo, Inc. All rights reserved.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00005"></a><span class="lineno">    5</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> */</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00006"></a><span class="lineno">    6</span>&#160;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00007"></a><span class="lineno">    7</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor">#ifndef _SIFTEO_ABI_VRAM_H</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00008"></a><span class="lineno">    8</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SIFTEO_ABI_VRAM_H</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00009"></a><span class="lineno">    9</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00010"></a><span class="lineno">   10</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor">#include &lt;sifteo/abi/types.h&gt;</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00011"></a><span class="lineno">   11</span>&#160;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00012"></a><span class="lineno">   12</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor">#ifdef __cplusplus</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00013"></a><span class="lineno">   13</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="keyword">extern</span> <span class="stringliteral">&quot;C&quot;</span> {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00014"></a><span class="lineno">   14</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor">#endif</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00015"></a><span class="lineno">   15</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00016"></a><span class="lineno">   16</span>&#160;<span class="comment">/*</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00017"></a><span class="lineno">   17</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * _SYSVideoRAM is a representation of the 1KB of RAM resident in each</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00018"></a><span class="lineno">   18</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * cube, which is used for storing the state of its graphics engine.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00019"></a><span class="lineno">   19</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00020"></a><span class="lineno">   20</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * The combination of this VRAM and the cube&#39;s current flash memory</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00021"></a><span class="lineno">   21</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * contents must contain all information necessary to compose a frame</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00022"></a><span class="lineno">   22</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * of graphics.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00023"></a><span class="lineno">   23</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00024"></a><span class="lineno">   24</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * The specific layout of this RAM may change depending on video mode</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00025"></a><span class="lineno">   25</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * settings. This union describes multiple different ways to access</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00026"></a><span class="lineno">   26</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * the VRAM.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00027"></a><span class="lineno">   27</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> */</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00028"></a><span class="lineno">   28</span>&#160;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00029"></a><span class="lineno">   29</span>&#160;<span class="comment">// Total size of VRAM, in bytes</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00030"></a><span class="lineno">   30</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VRAM_BYTES         1024</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00031"></a><span class="lineno">   31</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VRAM_BYTE_MASK     (_SYS_VRAM_BYTES - 1)</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00032"></a><span class="lineno">   32</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00033"></a><span class="lineno">   33</span>&#160;<span class="comment">// Total size of VRAM, in words</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00034"></a><span class="lineno">   34</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VRAM_WORDS         (_SYS_VRAM_BYTES / 2)</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00035"></a><span class="lineno">   35</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VRAM_WORD_MASK     (_SYS_VRAM_WORDS - 1)</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00036"></a><span class="lineno">   36</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00037"></a><span class="lineno">   37</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VRAM_BG0_WIDTH     18      // Width/height of BG0 tile grid</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00038"></a><span class="lineno">   38</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VRAM_BG1_WIDTH     16      // Width/height of BG1 bitmap</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00039"></a><span class="lineno">   39</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VRAM_BG1_TILES     144     // Total number of opaque tiles in BG1</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00040"></a><span class="lineno">   40</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VRAM_BG2_WIDTH     16      // Width/height of BG2 tile grid</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00041"></a><span class="lineno">   41</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VRAM_SPRITES       8       // Total number of linear sprites</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00042"></a><span class="lineno">   42</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_SPRITES_PER_LINE   4       // Maximum visible sprites per scanline</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00043"></a><span class="lineno">   43</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_CHROMA_KEY         0x4f    // Chroma key MSB</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00044"></a><span class="lineno">   44</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_CKEY_BIT_EOL       0x40    // Chroma-key special bit, end-of-line</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00045"></a><span class="lineno">   45</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00046"></a><span class="lineno">   46</span>&#160;<span class="comment">// Bits for &#39;flags&#39;</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00047"></a><span class="lineno">   47</span>&#160;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00048"></a><span class="lineno">   48</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VF_RESERVED        0x01    // Reserved, must be zero</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00049"></a><span class="lineno">   49</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VF_TOGGLE          0x02    // Toggle bit, to trigger a new frame render</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00050"></a><span class="lineno">   50</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VF_SYNC            0x04    // Sync with LCD vertical refresh</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00051"></a><span class="lineno">   51</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VF_CONTINUOUS      0x08    // Render continuously, without waiting for toggle</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00052"></a><span class="lineno">   52</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VF_A21             0x10    // Flash A21 bank select</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00053"></a><span class="lineno">   53</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VF_XY_SWAP         0x20    // Swap X and Y axes during render</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00054"></a><span class="lineno">   54</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VF_X_FLIP          0x40    // Flip X axis during render</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00055"></a><span class="lineno">   55</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VF_Y_FLIP          0x80    // Flip Y axis during render</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00056"></a><span class="lineno">   56</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00057"></a><span class="lineno">   57</span>&#160;<span class="comment">// Values for &#39;mode&#39;</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00058"></a><span class="lineno">   58</span>&#160;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00059"></a><span class="lineno">   59</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VM_MASK            0x3c    // Mask of valid bits in VM_MASK</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00060"></a><span class="lineno">   60</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00061"></a><span class="lineno">   61</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VM_POWERDOWN       0x00    // Power saving mode, LCD is off</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00062"></a><span class="lineno">   62</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VM_BG0_ROM         0x04    // BG0, with tile data from internal ROM</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00063"></a><span class="lineno">   63</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VM_SOLID           0x08    // Solid color, from colormap[0]</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00064"></a><span class="lineno">   64</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VM_FB32            0x0c    // 32x32 pixel 16-color framebuffer</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00065"></a><span class="lineno">   65</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VM_FB64            0x10    // 64x64 pixel 2-color framebuffer</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00066"></a><span class="lineno">   66</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VM_FB128           0x14    // 128x48 pixel 2-color framebuffer</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00067"></a><span class="lineno">   67</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VM_BG0             0x18    // Background BG0: 18x18 grid</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00068"></a><span class="lineno">   68</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VM_BG0_BG1         0x1c    // BG0, plus overlay BG1: 16x16 bitmap + 144 indices</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00069"></a><span class="lineno">   69</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VM_BG0_SPR_BG1     0x20    // BG0, multiple linear sprites, then BG1</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00070"></a><span class="lineno">   70</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VM_BG2             0x24    // Background BG2: 16x16 grid with affine transform</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00071"></a><span class="lineno">   71</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VM_STAMP           0x28    // Reconfigurable 16-color framebuffer with transparency</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00072"></a><span class="lineno">   72</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VM_SLEEP           0x3c    // Puts cube to sleep after fading out display</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00073"></a><span class="lineno">   73</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span>    </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00074"></a><span class="lineno">   74</span>&#160;<span class="comment">// Important VRAM addresses</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00075"></a><span class="lineno">   75</span>&#160;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00076"></a><span class="lineno">   76</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VA_BG0_TILES       0x000</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00077"></a><span class="lineno">   77</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VA_BG2_TILES       0x000</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00078"></a><span class="lineno">   78</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VA_BG2_AFFINE      0x200</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00079"></a><span class="lineno">   79</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VA_BG2_BORDER      0x20c</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00080"></a><span class="lineno">   80</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VA_BG1_TILES       0x288</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00081"></a><span class="lineno">   81</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VA_COLORMAP        0x300</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00082"></a><span class="lineno">   82</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VA_BG1_BITMAP      0x3a8</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00083"></a><span class="lineno">   83</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VA_SPR             0x3c8</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00084"></a><span class="lineno">   84</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VA_BG1_XY          0x3f8</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00085"></a><span class="lineno">   85</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VA_BG0_XY          0x3fa</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00086"></a><span class="lineno">   86</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VA_FIRST_LINE      0x3fc</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00087"></a><span class="lineno">   87</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VA_NUM_LINES       0x3fd</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00088"></a><span class="lineno">   88</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VA_MODE            0x3fe</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00089"></a><span class="lineno">   89</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VA_FLAGS           0x3ff</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00090"></a><span class="lineno">   90</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VA_STAMP_PITCH     0x320</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00091"></a><span class="lineno">   91</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00092"></a><span class="lineno">   92</span>&#160;<span class="keyword">struct </span>_SYSSpriteInfo {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00093"></a><span class="lineno">   93</span>&#160;    <span class="comment">/*</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00094"></a><span class="lineno">   94</span>&#160;<span class="comment">     * Sprite sizes must be powers of two, and the</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00095"></a><span class="lineno">   95</span>&#160;<span class="comment">     * size/position must both be negated.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00096"></a><span class="lineno">   96</span>&#160;<span class="comment">     *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00097"></a><span class="lineno">   97</span>&#160;<span class="comment">     * Sprites can be disabled by setting height to zero.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00098"></a><span class="lineno">   98</span>&#160;<span class="comment">     * A zero width with nonzero height will give undefined</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00099"></a><span class="lineno">   99</span>&#160;<span class="comment">     * results.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00100"></a><span class="lineno">  100</span>&#160;<span class="comment">     */</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00101"></a><span class="lineno">  101</span>&#160;    int8_t   mask_y;      <span class="comment">// 0x00  (-height),  0 == disable</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00102"></a><span class="lineno">  102</span>&#160;    int8_t   mask_x;      <span class="comment">// 0x01  (-width)</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00103"></a><span class="lineno">  103</span>&#160;    int8_t   pos_y;       <span class="comment">// 0x02  (-top)</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00104"></a><span class="lineno">  104</span>&#160;    int8_t   pos_x;       <span class="comment">// 0x03  (-left)</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00105"></a><span class="lineno">  105</span>&#160;    uint16_t  tile;       <span class="comment">// 0x04  Address in 7:7 format</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00106"></a><span class="lineno">  106</span>&#160;};</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00107"></a><span class="lineno">  107</span>&#160;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00108"></a><span class="lineno">  108</span>&#160;<span class="comment">// Equivalent to an augmented matrix (3x2), in 8.8 fixed-point</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00109"></a><span class="lineno">  109</span>&#160;<span class="keyword">struct </span>_SYSAffine {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00110"></a><span class="lineno">  110</span>&#160;    int16_t cx;   <span class="comment">// X initial value</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00111"></a><span class="lineno">  111</span>&#160;    int16_t cy;   <span class="comment">// Y initial value</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00112"></a><span class="lineno">  112</span>&#160;    int16_t xx;   <span class="comment">// X delta, for every horizontal pixel</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00113"></a><span class="lineno">  113</span>&#160;    int16_t xy;   <span class="comment">// Y delta, for every horizontal pixel</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00114"></a><span class="lineno">  114</span>&#160;    int16_t yx;   <span class="comment">// X delta, for every vertical pixel</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00115"></a><span class="lineno">  115</span>&#160;    int16_t yy;   <span class="comment">// Y delta, for every vertical pixel</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00116"></a><span class="lineno">  116</span>&#160;};</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00117"></a><span class="lineno">  117</span>&#160;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00118"></a><span class="lineno">  118</span>&#160;<span class="keyword">union </span>_SYSVideoRAM {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00119"></a><span class="lineno">  119</span>&#160;    uint8_t bytes[_SYS_VRAM_BYTES];</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00120"></a><span class="lineno">  120</span>&#160;    uint16_t words[_SYS_VRAM_WORDS];</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00121"></a><span class="lineno">  121</span>&#160;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00122"></a><span class="lineno">  122</span>&#160;    <span class="keyword">struct </span>{</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00123"></a><span class="lineno">  123</span>&#160;        uint16_t bg0_tiles[324];        <span class="comment">// 0x000 - 0x287</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00124"></a><span class="lineno">  124</span>&#160;        uint16_t bg1_tiles[144];        <span class="comment">// 0x288 - 0x3a7</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00125"></a><span class="lineno">  125</span>&#160;        uint16_t bg1_bitmap[16];        <span class="comment">// 0x3a8 - 0x3c7</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00126"></a><span class="lineno">  126</span>&#160;        <span class="keyword">struct </span>_SYSSpriteInfo spr[8];   <span class="comment">// 0x3c8 - 0x3f7</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00127"></a><span class="lineno">  127</span>&#160;        int8_t bg1_x;                   <span class="comment">// 0x3f8</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00128"></a><span class="lineno">  128</span>&#160;        int8_t bg1_y;                   <span class="comment">// 0x3f9</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00129"></a><span class="lineno">  129</span>&#160;        uint8_t bg0_x;                  <span class="comment">// 0x3fa   0 &lt;= x &lt;= 143</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00130"></a><span class="lineno">  130</span>&#160;        uint8_t bg0_y;                  <span class="comment">// 0x3fb   0 &lt;= y &lt;= 143</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00131"></a><span class="lineno">  131</span>&#160;        uint8_t first_line;             <span class="comment">// 0x3fc   0 &lt;= x &lt;= 127</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00132"></a><span class="lineno">  132</span>&#160;        uint8_t num_lines;              <span class="comment">// 0x3fd   1 &lt;= x &lt;= 128</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00133"></a><span class="lineno">  133</span>&#160;        uint8_t mode;                   <span class="comment">// 0x3fe</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00134"></a><span class="lineno">  134</span>&#160;        uint8_t flags;                  <span class="comment">// 0x3ff</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00135"></a><span class="lineno">  135</span>&#160;    };</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00136"></a><span class="lineno">  136</span>&#160;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00137"></a><span class="lineno">  137</span>&#160;    <span class="keyword">struct </span>{</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00138"></a><span class="lineno">  138</span>&#160;        uint8_t fb[768];                <span class="comment">// 0x000 - 0x2ff</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00139"></a><span class="lineno">  139</span>&#160;        uint16_t colormap[16];          <span class="comment">// 0x300 - 0x31f</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00140"></a><span class="lineno">  140</span>&#160;        uint8_t stamp_pitch;            <span class="comment">// 0x320</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00141"></a><span class="lineno">  141</span>&#160;        uint8_t stamp_height;           <span class="comment">// 0x321</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00142"></a><span class="lineno">  142</span>&#160;        uint8_t stamp_x;                <span class="comment">// 0x322</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00143"></a><span class="lineno">  143</span>&#160;        uint8_t stamp_width;            <span class="comment">// 0x323</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00144"></a><span class="lineno">  144</span>&#160;        uint8_t stamp_key;              <span class="comment">// 0x324</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00145"></a><span class="lineno">  145</span>&#160;    };</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00146"></a><span class="lineno">  146</span>&#160;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00147"></a><span class="lineno">  147</span>&#160;    <span class="keyword">struct </span>{</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00148"></a><span class="lineno">  148</span>&#160;        uint16_t bg2_tiles[256];        <span class="comment">// 0x000 - 0x1ff</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00149"></a><span class="lineno">  149</span>&#160;        <span class="keyword">struct </span>_SYSAffine bg2_affine;   <span class="comment">// 0x200 - 0x20b</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00150"></a><span class="lineno">  150</span>&#160;        uint16_t bg2_border;            <span class="comment">// 0x20c - 0x20d</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00151"></a><span class="lineno">  151</span>&#160;    };</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00152"></a><span class="lineno">  152</span>&#160;};</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00153"></a><span class="lineno">  153</span>&#160;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00154"></a><span class="lineno">  154</span>&#160;<span class="comment">/*</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00155"></a><span class="lineno">  155</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * The _SYSVideoBuffer is a low-level data structure that serves to</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00156"></a><span class="lineno">  156</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * collect graphics state updates so that the system can send them</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00157"></a><span class="lineno">  157</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * over the radio to cubes.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00158"></a><span class="lineno">  158</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00159"></a><span class="lineno">  159</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * These buffers allow the system to send graphics data at the most</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00160"></a><span class="lineno">  160</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * optimal time, in the most optimal format, and without any</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00161"></a><span class="lineno">  161</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * unnecessary redundancy.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00162"></a><span class="lineno">  162</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00163"></a><span class="lineno">  163</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * VRAM is organized as a 1 kB array of bytes or words. We keep a few</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00164"></a><span class="lineno">  164</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * bitmaps at different resolutions, for the synchronization protocol</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00165"></a><span class="lineno">  165</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * below.  These bitmaps are ordered MSB-first.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00166"></a><span class="lineno">  166</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00167"></a><span class="lineno">  167</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * Synchronization Protocol</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00168"></a><span class="lineno">  168</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * ------------------------</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00169"></a><span class="lineno">  169</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00170"></a><span class="lineno">  170</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * To support the system&#39;s asynchronous access requirements, these</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00171"></a><span class="lineno">  171</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * buffers have a very strict synchronization protocol that user code</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00172"></a><span class="lineno">  172</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * must observe:</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00173"></a><span class="lineno">  173</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00174"></a><span class="lineno">  174</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *  1. Set the &#39;lock&#39; bit(s) for any words you plan to update,</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00175"></a><span class="lineno">  175</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *     using an atomic store.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00176"></a><span class="lineno">  176</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00177"></a><span class="lineno">  177</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *  2. Update the VRAM buffer, using any method and in any order you like.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00178"></a><span class="lineno">  178</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00179"></a><span class="lineno">  179</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *  3. Set change bits in cm1, using an atomic OR such as</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00180"></a><span class="lineno">  180</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *     __builtin_or_and_fetch().</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00181"></a><span class="lineno">  181</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00182"></a><span class="lineno">  182</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *  4. Set change bits in cm16, using an atomic OR. After this point the</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00183"></a><span class="lineno">  183</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *     system may start sending data over the radio at any time.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00184"></a><span class="lineno">  184</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00185"></a><span class="lineno">  185</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *  5. Soon after step (4), clear the lock bits you set in (1). Since</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00186"></a><span class="lineno">  186</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *     the system treats lock bits as read-only, you can do this using</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00187"></a><span class="lineno">  187</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *     a plain atomic store.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00188"></a><span class="lineno">  188</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00189"></a><span class="lineno">  189</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * Note that cm16 is the primary trigger that the system uses in order</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00190"></a><span class="lineno">  190</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * to determine if hardware VRAM needs to be updated. The lock bits do</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00191"></a><span class="lineno">  191</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * not prevent the system from reading VRAM, but rather they&#39;re used as</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00192"></a><span class="lineno">  192</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * part of the following invariant:</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00193"></a><span class="lineno">  193</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00194"></a><span class="lineno">  194</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *  - For any given word, we are guaranteed that the hardware&#39;s value</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00195"></a><span class="lineno">  195</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *    matches the current buffered value if and only if the &#39;lock&#39; bit</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00196"></a><span class="lineno">  196</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *    is zero and the &#39;cm1&#39; bit is zero.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00197"></a><span class="lineno">  197</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00198"></a><span class="lineno">  198</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * If not for the lock bits, this invariant would not be possible to</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00199"></a><span class="lineno">  199</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * maintain, since the system would have no idea when userspace code</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00200"></a><span class="lineno">  200</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * has modified the buffer, if it hasn&#39;t yet set the cm1 bits.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00201"></a><span class="lineno">  201</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00202"></a><span class="lineno">  202</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * Streaming over the radio can begin any time after cm16 has been</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00203"></a><span class="lineno">  203</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * updated. For bandwidth efficiency, it&#39;s best to wait until after a</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00204"></a><span class="lineno">  204</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * large update, then OR a single value with cm16 in order to trigger</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00205"></a><span class="lineno">  205</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * the update.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00206"></a><span class="lineno">  206</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00207"></a><span class="lineno">  207</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * The system may still start streaming updates while the &#39;lock&#39; bit</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00208"></a><span class="lineno">  208</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * is set, but it will not be able to use the full range of protocol</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00209"></a><span class="lineno">  209</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * optimization techniques, since some of these rely on knowing for</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00210"></a><span class="lineno">  210</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * certain the values of words that have already been transmitted. So</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00211"></a><span class="lineno">  211</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * it is recommended that userspace clear the &#39;lock&#39; bits as soon as</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00212"></a><span class="lineno">  212</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * possible after cm16 is set.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00213"></a><span class="lineno">  213</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00214"></a><span class="lineno">  214</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * Asynchronous Pipeline</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00215"></a><span class="lineno">  215</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * ---------------------</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00216"></a><span class="lineno">  216</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00217"></a><span class="lineno">  217</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * When working with the graphics subsystem, it&#39;s helpful to keep in mind</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00218"></a><span class="lineno">  218</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * the pipeline of asynchronous rendering stages:</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00219"></a><span class="lineno">  219</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * </span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00220"></a><span class="lineno">  220</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *   1. Changes are written to a locked vbuf (lock)</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00221"></a><span class="lineno">  221</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *   2. The vbuf is unlocked, changes can start to stream over the air (cm16 &lt;- lock)</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00222"></a><span class="lineno">  222</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *   3. Streaming is finished (cm16 &lt;- 0)</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00223"></a><span class="lineno">  223</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *   4. The cube hardware begins rendering a frame</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00224"></a><span class="lineno">  224</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *   5. The cube acknowledges rendering completion</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00225"></a><span class="lineno">  225</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00226"></a><span class="lineno">  226</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * At any of these stages, a video buffer change can &#39;invalidate&#39; the</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00227"></a><span class="lineno">  227</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * ongoing rendering, meaning we may need to render an additional frame before</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00228"></a><span class="lineno">  228</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * the final intended output is actually present on the display. Rendering is</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00229"></a><span class="lineno">  229</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * only considered to be &#39;finished&#39; if we make it through steps 3-5 without</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00230"></a><span class="lineno">  230</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * any modifications to the video buffer.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00231"></a><span class="lineno">  231</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00232"></a><span class="lineno">  232</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * Paint Control</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00233"></a><span class="lineno">  233</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * -------------</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00234"></a><span class="lineno">  234</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00235"></a><span class="lineno">  235</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * The _SYS_paint() call is a no-op for cubes who have had no drawing occur.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00236"></a><span class="lineno">  236</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * This state is tracked, separately from the dirty bits, using a NEED_PAINT</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00237"></a><span class="lineno">  237</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * flag. This flag is cleared by _SYS_paint() itself, whereas the actual dirty</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00238"></a><span class="lineno">  238</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * bits are propagated through the firmware&#39;s model of the render pipeline.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00239"></a><span class="lineno">  239</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * Userspace code can force a cube to redraw by setting NEED_PAINT, even</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00240"></a><span class="lineno">  240</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * without making any VRAM changes.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00241"></a><span class="lineno">  241</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00242"></a><span class="lineno">  242</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * This flag is set automatically by _SYS_vbuf_lock().</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00243"></a><span class="lineno">  243</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> */</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00244"></a><span class="lineno">  244</span>&#160;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00245"></a><span class="lineno">  245</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_VBF_NEED_PAINT     (1 &lt;&lt; 0)        // Request a paint operation</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00246"></a><span class="lineno">  246</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="comment">// All other bits are reserved for system use.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00247"></a><span class="lineno">  247</span>&#160;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00248"></a><span class="lineno">  248</span>&#160;<span class="keyword">struct </span>_SYSVideoBuffer {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00249"></a><span class="lineno">  249</span>&#160;    uint32_t flags;             </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00250"></a><span class="lineno">  250</span>&#160;    uint32_t lock;              </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00251"></a><span class="lineno">  251</span>&#160;    uint32_t cm16;              </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00252"></a><span class="lineno">  252</span>&#160;    uint32_t cm1[16];           </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00253"></a><span class="lineno">  253</span>&#160;    <span class="keyword">union </span>_SYSVideoRAM vram;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00254"></a><span class="lineno">  254</span>&#160;};</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00255"></a><span class="lineno">  255</span>&#160;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00256"></a><span class="lineno">  256</span>&#160;<span class="comment">/*</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00257"></a><span class="lineno">  257</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * In general, the system likes working with raw _SYSVideoBuffers: but in</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00258"></a><span class="lineno">  258</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * userspace, it&#39;s very common to want to know both the _SYSVideoBuffer and</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00259"></a><span class="lineno">  259</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * the ID of the cube it&#39;s currently attached with. For these cases, we</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00260"></a><span class="lineno">  260</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * provide a standardized memory layout.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00261"></a><span class="lineno">  261</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> */</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00262"></a><span class="lineno">  262</span>&#160;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00263"></a><span class="lineno">  263</span>&#160;<span class="keyword">struct </span>_SYSAttachedVideoBuffer {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00264"></a><span class="lineno">  264</span>&#160;    _SYSCubeID cube;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00265"></a><span class="lineno">  265</span>&#160;    uint8_t reserved[3];</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00266"></a><span class="lineno">  266</span>&#160;    <span class="keyword">struct </span>_SYSVideoBuffer vbuf;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00267"></a><span class="lineno">  267</span>&#160;};</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00268"></a><span class="lineno">  268</span>&#160;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00269"></a><span class="lineno">  269</span>&#160;<span class="comment">/*</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00270"></a><span class="lineno">  270</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * Tiles in the _SYSVideoBuffer are typically encoded in 7:7 format, in</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00271"></a><span class="lineno">  271</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * which a 14-bit tile ID is packed into the upper 7 bits of each byte</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00272"></a><span class="lineno">  272</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> * in a 16-bit word.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00273"></a><span class="lineno">  273</span>&#160;<span class="comment"> */</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00274"></a><span class="lineno">  274</span>&#160;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00275"></a><span class="lineno">  275</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_TILE77(_idx)   ((((_idx) &lt;&lt; 2) &amp; 0xFE00) | \</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00276"></a><span class="lineno">  276</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor">                             (((_idx) &lt;&lt; 1) &amp; 0x00FE))</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00277"></a><span class="lineno">  277</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00278"></a><span class="lineno">  278</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor">#define _SYS_INVERSE_TILE77(_t77)   ((((_t77) &amp; 0xFE00) &gt;&gt; 2) | \</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00279"></a><span class="lineno">  279</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor">                                     (((_t77) &amp; 0x00FE) &gt;&gt; 1))</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00280"></a><span class="lineno">  280</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00281"></a><span class="lineno">  281</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor">#ifdef __cplusplus</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00282"></a><span class="lineno">  282</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span>}  <span class="comment">// extern &quot;C&quot;</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00283"></a><span class="lineno">  283</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor">#endif</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00284"></a><span class="lineno">  284</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor"></span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00285"></a><span class="lineno">  285</span>&#160;<span class="preprocessor">#endif</span></div>
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